Tooth decay happens when the hard surface of a tooth is damaged and tiny openings form. It can lead to infection, toothache, and tooth loss. Cavities are among the most common health problems in the world.
Types of cavities
Decay can start on any tooth surface. Common types include:
- Smooth-surface cavities: slow-growing decay that dissolves tooth enamel.
- Pit and fissure cavities: they form on the chewing surface of back teeth.
- Root cavities: they often affect adults whose gums have receded.
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on how far the decay has progressed:
- Dark or white spots on the teeth
- Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet food
- Lasting bad breath
- A toothache that does not go away
- Food that keeps getting stuck between teeth
- A filling that feels loose
Causes
Plaque is the main cause. It forms from food particles, saliva, and bacteria that turn sugar into acid. That acid can wear away enamel.
Dental fillings
A filling is a common way to treat a cavity. The dentist removes the decay and seals the space with composite or amalgam so the tooth is less likely to become infected again.
Types of fillings
- Amalgam fillings: durable and lower cost, but less natural looking.
- Composite fillings: resin and glass that blend with the tooth.
If you or someone in your family has a cavity, contact the clinic to have it checked.